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<title data-react-helmet="true">Birmingham, Alabama – Case study – Relocating homeowners from areas of recurrent flooding in Village Creek – Flood Economics</title>
<meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="Community case study of Birmingham, Alabama."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Relocating homeowners from areas of recurrent flooding in Village Creek"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="Owing to its proximity to two major waterways, Birmingham has experienced repetitive flooding in some local communities, including the Village Creek floodplain. Many of the homeowners in these areas felt trapped by the floods: they could not sell their homes in the floodplain and did not have the resources to fix them. The city used FEMA grants to acquire 735 homes and turn the land into open space. Much of that land has been converted into parks, and many of the homeowners have relocated to other areas of Birmingham."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" content="https://www.floodeconomics.com/images/case-studies/casestudy-birmingham-main1.jpg"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="fb:app_id" content="878155462284110"/>
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<div id="root"><div class="styles__base___DpZv5 styles__column___3klyD styles__full___3p22y" data-reactroot="" data-reactid="1" data-react-checksum="2045178473"><div class="styles__base___15EZr" data-reactid="2"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__position-fixed___12lLi styles__top-0___1R9MX styles__left-0___1_8Ag styles__right-0___3EHAk styles__float-left___2IV3I" data-reactid="3"><div data-reactid="4"><div class="style__productBanner___vShDj" data-reactid="5"><div class="style__dsNotificationError___j8c7J" data-reactid="6"><p class="style__bannerTextMain___1S-V3" data-reactid="7">Effective from September 25, 2020, Flood Economics will no longer be available and the site will be taken down.</p><p class="style__bannerTextSub___2VctQ" data-reactid="8"><!-- react-text: 9 -->Please be sure to download or save any information you wish to reference in the future. 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href="../flood-mitigation-takeaways.html" data-reactid="33"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___OohwS" data-reactid="34"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio styles__iconDark___CeGxU" data-reactid="35"></span></span><span class="styles__linkText___1gesu" data-reactid="36">Flood mitigation takeaways</span></a><a class="styles__link___14xj6" href="../how-homeowners-take-action.html" data-reactid="37"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___OohwS" data-reactid="38"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio styles__iconDark___CeGxU" data-reactid="39"></span></span><span class="styles__linkText___1gesu" data-reactid="40">How homeowners take action</span></a><a class="styles__link___14xj6 styles__active___1QFmR" href="../communities.html" data-reactid="41"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___OohwS" data-reactid="42"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio styles__iconDark___CeGxU" data-reactid="43"></span></span><span class="styles__linkText___1gesu" data-reactid="44">Community case studies</span></a><a class="styles__link___14xj6" href="../state-mitigation-analysis.html" data-reactid="45"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___OohwS" data-reactid="46"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio styles__iconDark___CeGxU" data-reactid="47"></span></span><span class="styles__linkText___1gesu" data-reactid="48">State mitigation analysis</span></a></div></div></div><div class="styles__base___15EZr" data-reactid="49"><button tabindex="0" class="styles__hamburger___zVdf5 undefined" data-reactid="50"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___1rMBe" data-reactid="51"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio" data-reactid="52"></span></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></header><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__hide-lg___3fpLc" data-reactid="53"><div class="styles__wrapper___32vmg undefined" data-reactid="54"><a class="styles__link___14xj6" href="../flood-mitigation-takeaways.html" data-reactid="55"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___OohwS" data-reactid="56"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio styles__iconDark___CeGxU" data-reactid="57"></span></span><span class="styles__linkText___1gesu" data-reactid="58">Flood mitigation takeaways</span></a><a class="styles__link___14xj6" href="../how-homeowners-take-action.html" data-reactid="59"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___OohwS" data-reactid="60"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio styles__iconDark___CeGxU" data-reactid="61"></span></span><span class="styles__linkText___1gesu" data-reactid="62">How homeowners take action</span></a><a class="styles__link___14xj6 styles__active___1QFmR" href="../communities.html" data-reactid="63"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___OohwS" data-reactid="64"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio styles__iconDark___CeGxU" data-reactid="65"></span></span><span class="styles__linkText___1gesu" data-reactid="66">Community case studies</span></a><a class="styles__link___14xj6" href="../state-mitigation-analysis.html" data-reactid="67"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F styles__icon___OohwS" data-reactid="68"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio styles__iconDark___CeGxU" data-reactid="69"></span></span><span class="styles__linkText___1gesu" data-reactid="70">State mitigation analysis</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><main class="styles__base___15EZr styles__full___Zfz32" data-reactid="71"><div class="styles__pageWrapper___3wPGZ" data-reactid="72"><div data-reactid="73"><div data-reactid="74"><!-- react-empty: 75 --><div data-reactid="76"><div class="styles__headerWrapper___LR-J3" style="background-image:url(../images/case-studies/casestudy-birmingham-main1.jpg);" data-reactid="77"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-5___11xId styles__padding-horizontal-3___30SBe styles__style-transparent___QOZpS styles__textBlock___2Tisl" data-reactid="78"><div class="styles__textWrapper___2yBsj" data-reactid="79"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__text-right___NZokr" data-reactid="80"><div data-reactid="81"><div class="styles__shareWrapper___3BdDE" data-reactid="82"><button class="styles__shareButton___1JEI4" data-reactid="83"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F" data-reactid="84"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio" data-reactid="85"></span><span class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-5___3Bh5r styles__font-size-4-md____d_7y styles__iconText___CNr6I" data-reactid="86">Share</span></span></button></div></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi" data-reactid="87"><p data-reactid="88">Birmingham, Alabama</p><h1 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="89">Relocating homeowners from areas of recurrent flooding in Village Creek</h1></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi" data-reactid="90"><div data-reactid="91"><p>Owing to its proximity to two major waterways, Birmingham has experienced repetitive flooding in some local communities, including the Village Creek floodplain. Many of the homeowners in these areas felt trapped by the floods: they could not sell their homes in the floodplain and did not have the resources to fix them. The city used FEMA grants to acquire 735 homes and turn the land into open space. Much of that land has been converted into parks, and many of the homeowners have relocated to other areas of Birmingham.</p>
</div></div><p class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi" data-reactid="92"><span class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-5___3Bh5r styles__font-size-5-md___8U-pV" data-reactid="93"></span></p></div></div></div><div id="community-facts" class="styles__offsetWrapper___3frZL" data-reactid="94"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-6___3IJ8r styles__padding-horizontal-4___1A4Mq styles__padding-horizontal-4-md___1abqY styles__style-dark___2u-lV" data-reactid="95"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" style="position:relative;" data-reactid="96"></div><span style="font-size:0;" data-reactid="97"></span><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-5___2vHLQ styles__title___1Tg1E" data-reactid="98"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="99"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="100">Community facts</h2></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc" data-reactid="101"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__large___mTxZB" data-reactid="102"><div class="styles__contentWrapper___20L-F" data-reactid="103"><div class="styles__content___pVmmZ" data-reactid="104"><div class="styles__wrapper___1OrPS" data-reactid="105"><div class="styles__numbersBlock___1uk1Q" data-reactid="106"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi styles__numberItem___3XHDm" data-reactid="107"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="108">Population</div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__hideAtPrint___yF5EP" data-reactid="109"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F" data-reactid="110"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio" data-reactid="111"></span></span></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__number___MextH" data-reactid="112">212,424</div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi styles__numberItem___3XHDm" data-reactid="113"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="114">Homes</div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__hideAtPrint___yF5EP" data-reactid="115"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F" data-reactid="116"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio" data-reactid="117"></span></span></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__number___MextH" data-reactid="118">113,024</div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi styles__numberItem___3XHDm" data-reactid="119"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="120">Businesses</div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__hideAtPrint___yF5EP" data-reactid="121"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F" data-reactid="122"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio" data-reactid="123"></span></span></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__number___MextH" data-reactid="124">20,738</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc styles__source___2vrAS" data-reactid="125"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="126"><span class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-5___3Bh5r styles__font-size-5-md___8U-pV" data-reactid="127"><!-- react-text: 128 -->Source: <!-- /react-text --><!-- react-text: 129 -->US Census Bureau.<!-- /react-text --></span></div></div></div></div><div id="mitigation-actions" class="styles__offsetWrapper___3frZL" data-reactid="130"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-6___3IJ8r styles__padding-horizontal-4___1A4Mq styles__padding-horizontal-4-md___1abqY styles__style-light___29tp4" data-reactid="131"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" style="position:relative;" data-reactid="132"></div><span style="font-size:0;" data-reactid="133"></span><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-5___2vHLQ styles__title___1Tg1E" data-reactid="134"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="135"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="136">Mitigation actions</h2></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc" data-reactid="137"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="138"><div class="styles__contentWrapper___20L-F" data-reactid="139"><div class="styles__content___pVmmZ" data-reactid="140"><div data-reactid="141"><p>From 1989 to 2000, the US Army Corps of Engineers and FEMA acquired properties in the 1-percent annual chance flood hazard areas along Village Creek. City officials worked with the Silver Jackets, a team comprising specialists from several local, state and federal agencies working together to reduce flood risks, to determine mitigation methods for each property in the affected area, and began to secure hazard mitigation grants over time to buy out higher-risk properties. Based on an assessment of the losses avoided from eight subsequent flood events, the total return on the investment was 46%. The buyout program included resources to help homeowners relocate within Birmingham to prevent the city from losing homeowners as a result of the program.</p>
<p>The buyouts have reduced the cost of water rescue and recovery efforts in the community, and the Village Creek community now has a large green space with walking trails that has become an attraction for current and future homeowners.</p>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="benefits-of-mitigation" class="styles__offsetWrapper___3frZL" data-reactid="142"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-6___3IJ8r styles__padding-horizontal-4___1A4Mq styles__padding-horizontal-4-md___1abqY styles__style-dark___2u-lV" data-reactid="143"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" style="position:relative;" data-reactid="144"></div><span style="font-size:0;" data-reactid="145"></span><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-5___2vHLQ styles__title___1Tg1E" data-reactid="146"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="147"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="148">Benefits of mitigation</h2></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc" data-reactid="149"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__large___mTxZB" data-reactid="150"><div class="styles__contentWrapper___20L-F" data-reactid="151"><div class="styles__content___pVmmZ" data-reactid="152"><div class="styles__wrapper___1OrPS" data-reactid="153"><div class="styles__numbersBlock___1uk1Q" data-reactid="154"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi styles__numberItem___3XHDm" data-reactid="155"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="156">Economic benefits</div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__number___MextH" data-reactid="157">$63.7 million</div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="158">Total monetized benefits</div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi styles__numberItem___3XHDm" data-reactid="159"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="160"><span data-reactid="161"><!-- react-text: 162 -->Return on investment<!-- /react-text --><span class="styles__tooltipWrapper___2Cqls" data-reactid="163"><button class="styles__iconButton___1WYzf" data-reactid="164"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F" data-reactid="165"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio" data-reactid="166"></span></span></button></span></span></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__number___MextH" data-reactid="167">46.0%</div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="168">Estimated return on investment</div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi styles__numberItem___3XHDm" data-reactid="169"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="170"><span data-reactid="171"><!-- react-text: 172 -->Benefit-cost ratio<!-- /react-text --><span class="styles__tooltipWrapper___2Cqls" data-reactid="173"><button class="styles__iconButton___1WYzf" data-reactid="174"><span class="styles__iconWrapper___2jQ1F" data-reactid="175"><span class="isvg pending styles__icon___1uqio" data-reactid="176"></span></span></button></span></span></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M styles__number___MextH" data-reactid="177">1.46</div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW styles__flow-3-md___1QJ-M" data-reactid="178">Benefit-cost ratio of the acquisitions in Village Creek</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc styles__source___2vrAS" data-reactid="179"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="180"><span class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-5___3Bh5r styles__font-size-5-md___8U-pV" data-reactid="181"><!-- react-text: 182 -->Source: <!-- /react-text --><!-- react-text: 183 -->Federal Emergency Management Agency (2017). Loss Avoidance Study: Birmingham, AL Acquisitions<!-- /react-text --></span></div></div></div></div><div id="project-challenges" class="styles__offsetWrapper___3frZL" data-reactid="184"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-6___3IJ8r styles__padding-horizontal-4___1A4Mq styles__padding-horizontal-4-md___1abqY styles__style-grey___2p9Kc" data-reactid="185"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" style="position:relative;" data-reactid="186"></div><span style="font-size:0;" data-reactid="187"></span><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-5___2vHLQ styles__title___1Tg1E" data-reactid="188"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="189"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="190">Project challenges</h2></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc" data-reactid="191"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__large___mTxZB" data-reactid="192"><div class="styles__contentWrapper___20L-F" data-reactid="193"><div class="styles__pull___CpmLW" data-reactid="194"><blockquote class="styles__quote____Pds- styles__align-right___2b_C-" data-reactid="195"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH" data-reactid="196"><div class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-21-md___1Is4t" data-reactid="197">Planning for relocation and land reuse are key to generating value</div></div></blockquote></div><div class="styles__content___pVmmZ" data-reactid="198"><div data-reactid="199"><p>When the buyout program began, Birmingham had no plan or funding to help homeowners relocate within the city, so many residents left. The city also lacked funds to transform the acquired land into useful green space once homes were removed, and the land stayed unused for several years after the buyouts. Today, the buyout team includes end-use expectations in every grant request to help ensure that it has resources to transform the land once a structure is removed. “If we don't have an end use, we can't, in good conscience, go after these dollars,” says Denise Bell, Birmingham’s natural hazards administrator.</p>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="quote" class="styles__offsetWrapper___3frZL" data-reactid="200"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-6___3IJ8r styles__padding-horizontal-4___1A4Mq styles__padding-horizontal-4-md___1abqY styles__style-blue___3O8vY" data-reactid="201"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" style="position:relative;" data-reactid="202"></div><span style="font-size:0;" data-reactid="203"></span><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc" data-reactid="204"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="205"><div class="styles__contentWrapper___20L-F" data-reactid="206"><div class="styles__content___pVmmZ" data-reactid="207"><blockquote class="styles__quote____Pds- styles__align-center___M5Y34" data-reactid="208"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH" data-reactid="209"><div class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-21-md___1Is4t" data-reactid="210">“We no longer have to perform as many water rescues in flood mitigated areas thus decreasing the resources and financial cost associated with these type emergency efforts. This helps us to better plan and prioritize our resources more efficiently during flooding events”</div></div><footer data-reactid="211"><cite data-reactid="212"><span class="styles__name___1XDAp" data-reactid="213"><!-- react-text: 214 -->Denise Bell<!-- /react-text --><!-- react-text: 215 -->, <!-- /react-text --><!-- react-text: 216 -->natural hazard administrator, Birmingham<!-- /react-text --></span></cite></footer></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="future-considerations" class="styles__offsetWrapper___3frZL" data-reactid="217"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-6___3IJ8r styles__padding-horizontal-4___1A4Mq styles__padding-horizontal-4-md___1abqY styles__style-grey___2p9Kc" data-reactid="218"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" style="position:relative;" data-reactid="219"></div><span style="font-size:0;" data-reactid="220"></span><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-5___2vHLQ styles__title___1Tg1E" data-reactid="221"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="222"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="223">Future considerations</h2></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc" data-reactid="224"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__large___mTxZB" data-reactid="225"><div class="styles__contentWrapper___20L-F" data-reactid="226"><div class="styles__content___pVmmZ" data-reactid="227"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH" data-reactid="228"><img alt="Flooded street in the suburbs" src="../images/case-studies/casestudy-birmingham-future1.jpg" data-reactid="229"/></div><span class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-5___3Bh5r styles__font-size-5-md___8U-pV" data-reactid="230"></span><div class="styles__offsetWrapper___3frZL" data-reactid="231"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-4___du4o8 styles__padding-horizontal-0___3AU1d" data-reactid="232"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" style="position:relative;" data-reactid="233"></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc" data-reactid="234"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__large___mTxZB" data-reactid="235"><div class="styles__contentWrapper___20L-F styles__pullRight___olNqH" data-reactid="236"><div class="styles__pull___CpmLW" data-reactid="237"><blockquote class="styles__quote____Pds- styles__align-left___3MCiz" data-reactid="238"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH" data-reactid="239"><div class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-21-md___1Is4t" data-reactid="240">Green infrastructure and drainage improvements take floodwater away from homes</div></div></blockquote></div><div class="styles__content___pVmmZ" data-reactid="241"><div data-reactid="242"><p>Birmingham wants to expand beyond the acquisition program by updating its ordinances and land development policies related to flood mitigation. It is also looking into green infrastructure projects as a way to capture and use stormwater for reuse in irrigation, rather than piping it away. “When you start thinking about stormwater as a resource rather than a waste product, it allows you to come up with creative ways to address multiple concerns,” says Edwin Revell, deputy director of the City of Birmingham.</p>
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styles__padding-vertical-0___3bjQ- styles__style-light___29tp4" data-reactid="251"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" data-reactid="252"><div class="styles__wrapper___208b4" data-reactid="253"><div class="styles__gridItemWrapper___3wOQr" data-reactid="254"><div class="styles__gridItem___2HvPo styles__size-small___3ZM52" data-reactid="255"><a class="styles__itemWrapper___3tOmW" href="shepherdsville-ky.html" data-reactid="256"><div class="styles__item___3EIg2" style="background-image:url(../images/case-studies/casestudy-kentucy-main1.jpg);" data-reactid="257"><div class="styles__textWrapper___3nUfy" data-reactid="258"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH" data-reactid="259"><p data-reactid="260">Shepherdsville, Kentucky</p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH styles__itemTitle___BI8E_" data-reactid="261"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="262">Flood-prone neighborhood is converted into a park</h2></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-0___CPS2r" data-reactid="263"><p data-reactid="264"><!-- react-text: 265 -->Population: <!-- /react-text --><!-- react-text: 266 -->12,082<!-- /react-text --></p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW" data-reactid="267"><p data-reactid="268">Riverine flooding, Flash flooding</p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi" data-reactid="269"></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW" data-reactid="270"></div></div></div></a></div><div class="styles__gridItem___2HvPo styles__size-small___3ZM52" data-reactid="271"><a class="styles__itemWrapper___3tOmW" href="longmont-co.html" data-reactid="272"><div class="styles__item___3EIg2" style="background-image:url(../images/case-studies/casestudy-longmont-main1.jpg);" data-reactid="273"><div class="styles__textWrapper___3nUfy" data-reactid="274"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH" data-reactid="275"><p data-reactid="276">Longmont, Colorado</p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH styles__itemTitle___BI8E_" data-reactid="277"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="278">Drainage project completed just in time for a major flood event</h2></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-0___CPS2r" data-reactid="279"><p data-reactid="280"><!-- react-text: 281 -->Population: <!-- /react-text --><!-- react-text: 282 -->90,719<!-- /react-text --></p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW" data-reactid="283"><p data-reactid="284">Flash flooding, Riverine flooding</p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi" data-reactid="285"></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW" data-reactid="286"></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="styles__gridItemWrapper___3wOQr" data-reactid="287"><div class="styles__gridItem___2HvPo styles__size-medium___3bAhV" data-reactid="288"><a class="styles__itemWrapper___3tOmW" href="minot-nd.html" data-reactid="289"><div class="styles__item___3EIg2" style="background-image:url(../images/case-studies/casestudy-minot-main1.jpg);" data-reactid="290"><div class="styles__textWrapper___3nUfy" data-reactid="291"><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH" data-reactid="292"><p data-reactid="293">Minot, North Dakota</p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-2___1zfOH styles__itemTitle___BI8E_" data-reactid="294"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="295">Destructive flood prompts Minot to invest in floodwall to protect its water supply</h2></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-0___CPS2r" data-reactid="296"><p data-reactid="297"><!-- react-text: 298 -->Population: <!-- /react-text --><!-- react-text: 299 -->47,338<!-- /react-text --></p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW" data-reactid="300"><p data-reactid="301">Flash flooding</p></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi" data-reactid="302"></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-1___12MnW" data-reactid="303"></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><div class="styles__base___15EZr" data-reactid="304"><div class="styles__wrapper___2vVYp" data-reactid="305"><div class="styles__offsetWrapper___3frZL" data-reactid="306"><div class="styles__block___1sQ1u styles__padding-vertical-6___3IJ8r styles__padding-horizontal-4___1A4Mq styles__padding-horizontal-4-md___1abqY styles__style-grey___2p9Kc" data-reactid="307"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc" style="position:relative;" data-reactid="308"></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-3___1NhMi styles__title___1Tg1E" data-reactid="309"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="310"><h2 class="styles__base___2aojS styles__font-size-3___cdFKD styles__font-size-2-md___2qWLP styles__line-height-1___wZ7lC styles__font-weight-bold___NRlaU" data-reactid="311">Flood mitigation resources</h2></div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-5___2vHLQ styles__copy___gYUAd" data-reactid="312"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__medium___3XvWl" data-reactid="313">Below is a non-exhaustive list of other flood mitigation information resources.</div></div><div class="styles__base___1fTlk styles__flow-4___3lIjc" data-reactid="314"><div class="styles__base___2Dzxc styles__large___mTxZB" data-reactid="315"><div class="styles__contentWrapper___20L-F" data-reactid="316"><div class="styles__content___pVmmZ" data-reactid="317"><div 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