// Underscore.string
// (c) 2010 Esa-Matti Suuronen <esa-matti aet suuronen dot org>
// Underscore.strings is freely distributable under the terms of the MIT license.
// Documentation: https://github.com/epeli/underscore.string
// Some code is borrowed from MooTools and Alexandru Marasteanu.

// Version 2.2.0rc

(function(root){
  'use strict';

  // Defining helper functions.

  var nativeTrim = String.prototype.trim;
  var nativeTrimRight = String.prototype.trimRight;
  var nativeTrimLeft = String.prototype.trimLeft;

  var parseNumber = function(source) { return source * 1 || 0; };
  
  var strRepeat = function(str, qty, separator){
    // ~~var — is the fastest available way to convert anything to Integer in javascript.
    // We'll use it extensively in this lib.
    str += ''; qty = ~~qty;
    for (var repeat = []; qty > 0; repeat[--qty] = str) {}
    return repeat.join(separator == null ? '' : separator);
  };

  var slice = function(a){
    return Array.prototype.slice.call(a);
  };

  var defaultToWhiteSpace = function(characters){
    if (characters != null) {
      return '[' + _s.escapeRegExp(''+characters) + ']';
    }
    return '\\s';
  };
  
  var escapeChars = {
    lt: '<',
    gt: '>',
    quot: '"',
    apos: "'",
    amp: '&'
  };
  
  var reversedEscapeChars = {};
  for(var key in escapeChars){ reversedEscapeChars[escapeChars[key]] = key; }

  // sprintf() for JavaScript 0.7-beta1
  // http://www.diveintojavascript.com/projects/javascript-sprintf
  //
  // Copyright (c) Alexandru Marasteanu <alexaholic [at) gmail (dot] com>
  // All rights reserved.

  var sprintf = (function() {
    function get_type(variable) {
      return Object.prototype.toString.call(variable).slice(8, -1).toLowerCase();
    }

    var str_repeat = strRepeat;

    var str_format = function() {
      if (!str_format.cache.hasOwnProperty(arguments[0])) {
        str_format.cache[arguments[0]] = str_format.parse(arguments[0]);
      }
      return str_format.format.call(null, str_format.cache[arguments[0]], arguments);
    };

    str_format.format = function(parse_tree, argv) {
      var cursor = 1, tree_length = parse_tree.length, node_type = '', arg, output = [], i, k, match, pad, pad_character, pad_length;
      for (i = 0; i < tree_length; i++) {
        node_type = get_type(parse_tree[i]);
        if (node_type === 'string') {
          output.push(parse_tree[i]);
        }
        else if (node_type === 'array') {
          match = parse_tree[i]; // convenience purposes only
          if (match[2]) { // keyword argument
            arg = argv[cursor];
            for (k = 0; k < match[2].length; k++) {
              if (!arg.hasOwnProperty(match[2][k])) {
                throw new Error(sprintf('[_.sprintf] property "%s" does not exist', match[2][k]));
              }
              arg = arg[match[2][k]];
            }
          } else if (match[1]) { // positional argument (explicit)
            arg = argv[match[1]];
          }
          else { // positional argument (implicit)
            arg = argv[cursor++];
          }

          if (/[^s]/.test(match[8]) && (get_type(arg) != 'number')) {
            throw new Error(sprintf('[_.sprintf] expecting number but found %s', get_type(arg)));
          }
          switch (match[8]) {
            case 'b': arg = arg.toString(2); break;
            case 'c': arg = String.fromCharCode(arg); break;
            case 'd': arg = parseInt(arg, 10); break;
            case 'e': arg = match[7] ? arg.toExponential(match[7]) : arg.toExponential(); break;
            case 'f': arg = match[7] ? parseFloat(arg).toFixed(match[7]) : parseFloat(arg); break;
            case 'o': arg = arg.toString(8); break;
            case 's': arg = ((arg = String(arg)) && match[7] ? arg.substring(0, match[7]) : arg); break;
            case 'u': arg = Math.abs(arg); break;
            case 'x': arg = arg.toString(16); break;
            case 'X': arg = arg.toString(16).toUpperCase(); break;
          }
          arg = (/[def]/.test(match[8]) && match[3] && arg >= 0 ? '+'+ arg : arg);
          pad_character = match[4] ? match[4] == '0' ? '0' : match[4].charAt(1) : ' ';
          pad_length = match[6] - String(arg).length;
          pad = match[6] ? str_repeat(pad_character, pad_length) : '';
          output.push(match[5] ? arg + pad : pad + arg);
        }
      }
      return output.join('');
    };

    str_format.cache = {};

    str_format.parse = function(fmt) {
      var _fmt = fmt, match = [], parse_tree = [], arg_names = 0;
      while (_fmt) {
        if ((match = /^[^\x25]+/.exec(_fmt)) !== null) {
          parse_tree.push(match[0]);
        }
        else if ((match = /^\x25{2}/.exec(_fmt)) !== null) {
          parse_tree.push('%');
        }
        else if ((match = /^\x25(?:([1-9]\d*)\$|\(([^\)]+)\))?(\+)?(0|'[^$])?(-)?(\d+)?(?:\.(\d+))?([b-fosuxX])/.exec(_fmt)) !== null) {
          if (match[2]) {
            arg_names |= 1;
            var field_list = [], replacement_field = match[2], field_match = [];
            if ((field_match = /^([a-z_][a-z_\d]*)/i.exec(replacement_field)) !== null) {
              field_list.push(field_match[1]);
              while ((replacement_field = replacement_field.substring(field_match[0].length)) !== '') {
                if ((field_match = /^\.([a-z_][a-z_\d]*)/i.exec(replacement_field)) !== null) {
                  field_list.push(field_match[1]);
                }
                else if ((field_match = /^\[(\d+)\]/.exec(replacement_field)) !== null) {
                  field_list.push(field_match[1]);
                }
                else {
                  throw new Error('[_.sprintf] huh?');
                }
              }
            }
            else {
              throw new Error('[_.sprintf] huh?');
            }
            match[2] = field_list;
          }
          else {
            arg_names |= 2;
          }
          if (arg_names === 3) {
            throw new Error('[_.sprintf] mixing positional and named placeholders is not (yet) supported');
          }
          parse_tree.push(match);
        }
        else {
          throw new Error('[_.sprintf] huh?');
        }
        _fmt = _fmt.substring(match[0].length);
      }
      return parse_tree;
    };

    return str_format;
  })();



  // Defining underscore.string

  var _s = {

    VERSION: '2.2.0rc',

    isBlank: function(str){
      return (/^\s*$/).test(str);
    },

    stripTags: function(str){
      return (''+str).replace(/<\/?[^>]+>/g, '');
    },

    capitalize : function(str) {
      str += '';
      return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.substring(1);
    },

    chop: function(str, step){
      str = str+'';
      step = ~~step || str.length;
      var arr = [];
      for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i += step)
        arr.push(str.slice(i,i + step));
      return arr;
    },

    clean: function(str){
      return _s.strip(str).replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
    },

    count: function(str, substr){
      str += ''; substr += '';
      return str.split(substr).length - 1;
    },

    chars: function(str) {
      return (''+str).split('');
    },

    escapeHTML: function(str) {
      return (''+str).replace(/[&<>"']/g, function(match){ return '&' + reversedEscapeChars[match] + ';'; });
    },

    unescapeHTML: function(str) {
      return (''+str).replace(/\&([^;]+);/g, function(entity, entityCode){
        var match;
        
        if (entityCode in escapeChars) {
          return escapeChars[entityCode];
        } else if (match = entityCode.match(/^#x([\da-fA-F]+)$/)) {
          return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(match[1], 16));
        } else if (match = entityCode.match(/^#(\d+)$/)) {
          return String.fromCharCode(~~match[1]);
        } else {
          return entity;
        }
      });
    },

    escapeRegExp: function(str){
      // From MooTools core 1.2.4
      return str.replace(/([-.*+?^${}()|[\]\/\\])/g, '\\$1');
    },

    insert: function(str, i, substr){
      var arr = _s.chars(str);
      arr.splice(~~i, 0, ''+substr);
      return arr.join('');
    },

    include: function(str, needle){
      return !!~(''+str).indexOf(needle);
    },

    join: function() {
      var args = slice(arguments);
      return args.join(args.shift());
    },

    lines: function(str) {
      return (''+str).split("\n");
    },

    reverse: function(str){
      return _s.chars(str).reverse().join('');
    },

    splice: function(str, i, howmany, substr){
      var arr = _s.chars(str);
      arr.splice(~~i, ~~howmany, substr);
      return arr.join('');
    },

    startsWith: function(str, starts){
      str += ''; starts += '';
      return str.length >= starts.length && str.substring(0, starts.length) === starts;
    },

    endsWith: function(str, ends){
      str += ''; ends += '';
      return str.length >= ends.length && str.substring(str.length - ends.length) === ends;
    },

    succ: function(str){
      str += '';
      var arr = _s.chars(str);
      arr.splice(str.length-1, 1, String.fromCharCode(str.charCodeAt(str.length-1) + 1));
      return arr.join('');
    },

    titleize: function(str){
      return (''+str).replace(/\b./g, function(ch){ return ch.toUpperCase(); });
    },

    camelize: function(str){
      return _s.trim(str).replace(/[-_\s]+(.)?/g, function(match, chr){
        return chr && chr.toUpperCase();
      });
    },

    underscored: function(str){
      return _s.trim(str).replace(/([a-z\d])([A-Z]+)/g, '$1_$2').replace(/[-\s]+/g, '_').toLowerCase();
    },

    dasherize: function(str){
      return _s.trim(str).replace(/[_\s]+/g, '-').replace(/([A-Z])/g, '-$1').replace(/-+/g, '-').toLowerCase();
    },

    classify: function(str){
      str += '';
      return _s.titleize(str.replace(/_/g, ' ')).replace(/\s/g, '')
    },

    humanize: function(str){
      return _s.capitalize(this.underscored(str).replace(/_id$/,'').replace(/_/g, ' '));
    },

    trim: function(str, characters){
      str += '';
      if (!characters && nativeTrim) { return nativeTrim.call(str); }
      characters = defaultToWhiteSpace(characters);
      return str.replace(new RegExp('\^' + characters + '+|' + characters + '+$', 'g'), '');
    },

    ltrim: function(str, characters){
      str+='';
      if (!characters && nativeTrimLeft) {
        return nativeTrimLeft.call(str);
      }
      characters = defaultToWhiteSpace(characters);
      return str.replace(new RegExp('^' + characters + '+'), '');
    },

    rtrim: function(str, characters){
      str+='';
      if (!characters && nativeTrimRight) {
        return nativeTrimRight.call(str);
      }
      characters = defaultToWhiteSpace(characters);
      return str.replace(new RegExp(characters + '+$'), '');
    },

    truncate: function(str, length, truncateStr){
      str += ''; truncateStr = truncateStr || '...';
      length = ~~length;
      return str.length > length ? str.slice(0, length) + truncateStr : str;
    },

    /**
     * _s.prune: a more elegant version of truncate
     * prune extra chars, never leaving a half-chopped word.
     * @author github.com/sergiokas
     */
    prune: function(str, length, pruneStr){
      str += ''; length = ~~length;
      pruneStr = pruneStr != null ? ''+pruneStr : '...';
      
      var pruned, borderChar, template = str.replace(/\W/g, function(ch){
        return (ch.toUpperCase() !== ch.toLowerCase()) ? 'A' : ' ';
      });
      
      borderChar = template.charAt(length);
      
      pruned = template.slice(0, length);
      
      // Check if we're in the middle of a word
      if (borderChar && borderChar.match(/\S/))
        pruned = pruned.replace(/\s\S+$/, '');
        
      pruned = _s.rtrim(pruned);
      
      return (pruned+pruneStr).length > str.length ? str : str.substring(0, pruned.length)+pruneStr;
    },

    words: function(str, delimiter) {
      return _s.trim(str, delimiter).split(delimiter || /\s+/);
    },

    pad: function(str, length, padStr, type) {
      str += '';
      
      var padlen  = 0;

      length = ~~length;
      
      if (!padStr) {
        padStr = ' ';
      } else if (padStr.length > 1) {
        padStr = padStr.charAt(0);
      }
      
      switch(type) {
        case 'right':
          padlen = (length - str.length);
          return str + strRepeat(padStr, padlen);
        case 'both':
          padlen = (length - str.length);
          return strRepeat(padStr, Math.ceil(padlen/2)) + 
                 str + 
                 strRepeat(padStr, Math.floor(padlen/2));
        default: // 'left'
          padlen = (length - str.length);
          return strRepeat(padStr, padlen) + str;
        }
    },

    lpad: function(str, length, padStr) {
      return _s.pad(str, length, padStr);
    },

    rpad: function(str, length, padStr) {
      return _s.pad(str, length, padStr, 'right');
    },

    lrpad: function(str, length, padStr) {
      return _s.pad(str, length, padStr, 'both');
    },

    sprintf: sprintf,

    vsprintf: function(fmt, argv){
      argv.unshift(fmt);
      return sprintf.apply(null, argv);
    },

    toNumber: function(str, decimals) {
      str += '';
      var num = parseNumber(parseNumber(str).toFixed(~~decimals));
      return num === 0 && !str.match(/^0+$/) ? Number.NaN : num;
    },

    strRight: function(str, sep){
      str += ''; sep = sep != null ? ''+sep : sep;
      var pos = !sep ? -1 : str.indexOf(sep);
      return ~pos ? str.slice(pos+sep.length, str.length) : str;
    },

    strRightBack: function(str, sep){
      str += ''; sep = sep != null ? ''+sep : sep;
      var pos = !sep ? -1 : str.lastIndexOf(sep);
      return ~pos ? str.slice(pos+sep.length, str.length) : str;
    },

    strLeft: function(str, sep){
      str += ''; sep = sep != null ? ''+sep : sep;
      var pos = !sep ? -1 : str.indexOf(sep);
      return ~pos ? str.slice(0, pos) : str;
    },

    strLeftBack: function(str, sep){
      str += ''; sep = sep != null ? ''+sep : sep;
      var pos = str.lastIndexOf(sep);
      return ~pos ? str.slice(0, pos) : str;
    },

    toSentence: function(array, separator, lastSeparator) {
        separator || (separator = ', ');
        lastSeparator || (lastSeparator = ' and ');
        var length = array.length, str = '';

        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            str += array[i];
            if (i === (length - 2)) { str += lastSeparator; }
            else if (i < (length - 1)) { str += separator; }
        }

        return str;
    },

    slugify: function(str) {
      var from  = "ąàáäâãćęèéëêìíïîłńòóöôõùúüûñçżź",
          to    = "aaaaaaceeeeeiiiilnooooouuuunczz",
          regex = new RegExp(defaultToWhiteSpace(from), 'g');

      str = (''+str).toLowerCase();

      str = str.replace(regex, function(ch){
        var index = from.indexOf(ch);
        return to.charAt(index) || '-';
      });

      return _s.trim(str.replace(/[^\w\s-]/g, '').replace(/[-\s]+/g, '-'), '-');
    },

    exports: function() {
      var result = {};

      for (var prop in this) {
        if (!this.hasOwnProperty(prop) || ~_s.words('include contains reverse').indexOf(prop)) continue;
        result[prop] = this[prop];
      }

      return result;
    },
    
    repeat: strRepeat
  };

  // Aliases

  _s.strip    = _s.trim;
  _s.lstrip   = _s.ltrim;
  _s.rstrip   = _s.rtrim;
  _s.center   = _s.lrpad;
  _s.rjust    = _s.lpad;
  _s.ljust    = _s.rpad;
  _s.contains = _s.include;

  // CommonJS module is defined
  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
      // Export module
      module.exports = _s;
    }
    exports._s = _s;

  } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
    // Register as a named module with AMD.
    define('underscore.string', function() {
      return _s;
    });
    
  } else {
    // Integrate with Underscore.js if defined
    // or create our own underscore object.
    root._ = root._ || {};
    root._.string = root._.str = _s;
  }

}(this || window));